Music Video Notes & Plans

Music Video Notes, plans & ideas.

My music video represents the band Daughter and their well known song "Youth". Daughter are an indie-folk band from England. I'm going to be using the hybrid minds remix as I feel it works better. The original song (without remix) is more slow and draining where as the remix version by hybrid minds is upbeat. The original song lyrics convey an "ode to the complicated yet exciting times you experience while growing up".

 I've decided to put a twist on this as exciting experiences we now face with newer generations are slowly deteriorating and lot's of the newer generation children's childhoods are now almost all portrayed on mobile phones.

In my music video my underlying message will entail a boy 'Trying to escape this hyper reality dream of mobile phones being gone forever when he put's his music on but its unescapable - mobile phones being replaced with fortune tellers and 'riddles'.

My plot line will basically consist of, my main character will be listening to the song through his earphones, everyone in his class are oh phones, subsequently he falls asleep wakes up and everyone's phones have changed into these fortune tellers. When he takes earphones out the music will stop and the phones will be back out. He carries through his whole day, then wakes up.. It's all a dream, he gets home and his parents . mum is playing with one.

Locations he will face throughout the day:
- outside 
- school
- home
- village
- parks
- (natural lighting places)

For me location is really important, due to not having extremely 'advanced technology' while developing and producing my music video I think I have come to know that using natural lighting is my best bet. Filming outside in brightest areas you can the natural lighting will mean you wont have to boost up the IOS on the camera which is vital to make it look as 5 star as possible.

 I'm going to try to use this to my advantage where I will get the most natural shots possible to link in with my slight experimental narrative. I have decided to also try and take benefit of where I live, it's slight remote location with lots of fields and long roads will make good use for my music video where a main motif is loneliness. 


Another is by using the place where I am most at - college. I can easily get shots here as I know the area extremely well and I can easily plan when the quietest times will be for me to film. I also don't need to book the other student I am working with into the college as he goes to it to which is an added bonus.

Shot ideas:

- Josh making someone fall over bending down and his earphone comes out and the phone is replaced with a fortune teller.

- Intertextual references in the music video to bitter sweet symphony record him walking out of kegs and pushing into people.

- Close ups of people playing.

- Lots of shot reverse shots.

- Stop motion

- fast paces shots

- in car shots

- from other car shots of josh in car

- 

Notes

from researching other hybrid minds music videos they have used vhs type old footage to present an experimental story.
hyper reality
intertextual references When the song is playing everything pauses  
magic mixer things
someone falls over and focuses on a piece of paper thats the lyric
passes notes throughout the classroom 
childish
My initial idea is to use paper fortune tellers in the way of phone's 
Narrative but also intertextual reference to the song and the lyrics so audience understand.




Planning of the song and when the lyrics will appear to co-ordinate the editing and filming with the times when the lyrics appear.
The original remix is 5.57 minutes long but I will be cutting this down slightly and starting the song from 0.39 seconds.

Shadows settle on the place, that you left - 0.45s
Our minds are troubled by the emptiness - 0.50s
Destroy the middle, it's a waste of time - 0.56s
From the perfect start to the finish line - 1.0s
And if you're still breathing, you're the lucky ones - 1.06s
'Cause most of us are heaving through corrupted lungs - 1.12s
Setting fire to our insides for fun - 1.17s
Collecting names of the lovers that went wrong - 1.22s
The lovers that went wrong - 1.27s
The lovers (echo) - 1.38s
The lovers (echo) - 1.50s

Well I've lost it all, I'm just a silhouette - 2.14s
A lifeless face that you'll soon forget - 2.20s
Well I've lost it all, I'm just a silhouette - 2.25s
My eyes are damp from the words you left - 2.31s

We are the reckless, we are the wild youth - 3.21s
Chasing visions of our future - 3.25s
One day we'll reveal the truth - 3.32
But one will die before he gets there - 3.36s
And if you're still bleeding you're the lucky ones 3.34s
'Cause most of our feelings they are dead and they are gone 3.48s
Setting fire to our insides for fun - 3.53s
Collecting names of the lovers that went wrong - 3.59s
The lovers that went wrong - 4.04s
The lovers (echo) - 4.15s
The lovers (echo) - 4.26s
The lovers (echo) - 4.32s
The lovers (echo) - 4.38s
The lovers (echo) - 4.43s
The lovers (echo) - 4.48s

I've lost it all I'm just a silhouette - 4.50s
A lifeless face that you'll soon forget - 4.56s 
I've lost it all I'm just a silhouette - 5.01
My eyes are damp from the words you left - 5.07

(Song fades out and finishes) - 5.57s.



I have made visual mood boards so you can visually see how the narrative will pan out by using photos to describe feelings, mis-en-scene, props used and also by using some of my own photo's I have took myself.

Visual Mood boards.

In preparation of my music video I have decided to make a story board to show the sequence of shots I will need to use and how they will affect my final product.

Storyboard

By making a lot of storyboards it helps in preparation to kind of visualise what the type of music video will look like. I have used the templates as well which help massively in helping describe the exact shot types and camera movements etc. 

 have also decided to include a video on the fortune tellers I made and how exactly I made them. I suppose this just shows the planning I put into making the video and exactly how long each one takes to fold and make. 



Equipment used

For my music video I have decided to hire out a camera and tripod from the college which will be a deposit of £10. The camera will be my main focus in filming to get the best quality possible, the tripod will be used to try and get shots as steady as possible and also again to improve the quality of the music video. I will hire these out for a week and then if necessary film the bits I missed on my iPhone will does have pretty good quality but i have found when editing in the past that the mix between the two can sometimes make the iPhone quality look awful, I think this is just due to the mix both different cameras you can essentially tell the iPhone from the canon in most places. 

Analysis of Music Videos

Primary Research

Analyse a set of 4 music videos looking for genre conventions of the style of videos as well as the accompanying music.

For example the conventions of performance videos and the type of video used to promote hard rock.

Findings should be recorded as blog entries (for Units 2 and 36). Screenshots must be taken augment your argument.

1. The 1975 - Love It If We Made It

For my first music video I have decided to elaborate on The 1975's 'Love It If We Made It' music video, I have decided to explore this because it is one of the most powerful music video's I've ever saw, it regards the most political and social issues and injustices i've ever seen in a song and a music video. In fact the whole album is made to be dynamic, it's not meant to convey just one message but they regard social issues that are relevant today to everyone, love and relationships, politics, addiction and mental illness is very well regarded by them considering the journey Matty (Lead singer) has been on with addictions to heroin in the past. 

Regarded In my eyes it isn't a song that allows people to continue hatred for anyone but more opens our eyes and minds. These lyrics have many headlines and quotes from around the world which surface the inequality and the major problems we have in today's society. The song and the chorus being 'I love it if we made it' focusing on not the love for rebellion but the hope that things won't be so bad in the future and that's why I believe the song and the video to be not only inspirational but put in such hard terms that may give the whole world a wake up call. There style is normally narrative music videos, this pulls away from their normal music video as it's a mix with performance mixed with narrative, as now and again you see the band in neon colours

During the process of analysing the video one thing became very adamant that I had to search for Matty's true meaning behind the lyrics and why he wrote it which all seemed pretty obvious from the video however to check for any underlying messages he could've left un-obvious with me being oblivious to, and from searching for Matty's meaning I found a video where he explains his clear interpretation which I will be referencing a lot to. 

The video initially starts by a short video of a plastic bag drifting in the sea which already regards a serious environmental problem of today's society surrounding the use of plastic and that there are many ways in how we can all fix this, this also foreshadows what the rest of the video to come will be like in relation to society's issues and possibly environmental and political ones. The bag is also in a neon filter to distinguish it from the sea but zooms in to maybe enlarge this problem and shows it in relation to the sea of how big the issue is becoming.

 The video next incorporates the band in neon and becomes a recurring theme within the video, by constantly doing this it has a playful spin on the harsh words used and goes with the whole use of the flashing neon lyrics that appear constantly like headlines which encounters the whole point of the video being to do with major headlines that we have come across as citizens in the UK on the front of our newspapers or our televisions which gives a brainwash feeling to the whole view. The cuts also starts to go on time with the beat - blue pink yellow projector like filter, no real close ups of the band instead they use long shots which regards them as humble rather than using this as a star appeal way its more a MESSAGE to society.

The singing starts and continues to insert videos and pictures from Wars, broken homes and pictures from Afghanistan and Iraq where major wars the the world are aware of have broke out. The use of these is to make us the audience feel guilt but also to educate and inform us of these occurrences if we are not already fond of them.

What I really respect is how they've tried to make such a bold statement for everyone, the lyrics of the song are actually past and present world problems which makes the upmost sense to use them in a song, as songs are memorable and people tend to learn the lyrics to a song they enjoy to then enjoy it further. In this case learning the lyrics would be educating yourself with problems of the world and in turn have a slight case of guilt reflected on us. The music video constantly uses these banners and headline statements which are the lyrics of the song but then show pictures which reflect them as a narrative device to tell the audience about the social injustices we face and have faced. Juxtaposed by the neon flashing signs which are used to grab your attention with bold flashing colours, again making a big statement.

The line 'Suffocate the black men' and especially 'Start with misdemeanours and we'll make a business out of them line'. regarding the prison system in America that it preys on young black people in order to keep itself in business negotiating black rights and how they are STILL not accounted for in today's society as much as they should be, using terrifying images of black males pictured in orange jumpsuits with bags over their heads which is absolutely heartbreaking to see but is the truth of society and how it's ran. The pattern that follows throughout the music video is the flashing lyrics along with the Neon theme and the pictures relating to all the incidents he's mentioning.

The fact that we have the ability to connect and have all the information in the world at the click of our fingers has resulted in distrust, destruction and falsifying information outrage based society which gets out of control and thats where we are as a society- not in a good place.

The continuous use of not showing their faces but switching back to the band is a gentle reminder that this is only a music video and despite all they're saying to try and help everyone focus on the political issues in society that in fact they are singing a song very upbeat. By not showing their faces also regards them as being very humble and for once not making things about themselves but focusing on the public and how we've all had to face problematic issues in our lives and the problems everyone should be aware of. Pulls away from the norm of any other music video, its a statement and made to be out there as a piece of art to enjoy but to also posses the awful state in which the country is currently undergoing.

The chorus, i'd love it if we made it the main line and name of the song reinforcing the fact that in this world we really have to  love each other and try on a mechanical level, a gem of hope amongst all the rubble that  he'd love it if we made it in society meaning that we changed and became a world of peace.

Another bit which caught my attention the most was the mention of 'A beach of drowning three year olds' with a very quick glimpse but heart wrenching to show one of the main headlines that we're massive in the UK and caused lots of controversy within society. Pictures a young Syrian refugee called Alan Kurdi who died on the beach, only 3 years old, The photo's shown made headlines of all newspapers, there were many photo's of it that caused mass outcry of compassion in the UK, which is sad as it's a shame it took that picture and the cause of that happening to do so. Matty also talks about how there were awful things written about it right wing on newspapers.

The last line I will elaborate on is by using 'I moved on her like a bitch' which is a genuine quote from Donald Trump however Matty talks about it getting censored in the press due to Donald being the President of the USA however that is just one of the many disgusting quotes he has used yet he is in charge of the country.


The direct quote from the sitting president of the USA, which is a weird reality how someone who uses such vulgar and disgusting language could even be in such a high power of position which he uses in mockery of him, also shows his political views and how he is indeed not in favour of Trump. Excited to be indicted shows how his thoughts personally on Donald Trump that he wouldn't care if he was thrown out because he would still be rich and nothing really will affect him in the future.

Glitch-ing at the end to make it feel as if it's all fake and at the end of the day if we wanted to change things as people we could do them emphasised by the line tell me something I didn't know as we all know that these occurrences are happening which acts as a target of guilt towards us but also himself as we could all do more to help.

Changes beat slightly at the end but still incorporates the values with dancing at the end to justify that this is only a song and that it can only raise awareness despite being very catchy and will stick in your head and make you think twice about your actions and how they could possibly affect others. 

You only see a close up of Matty main singer and star appeal of the band right at the end for 3 seconds out of the whole 4 minutes 16 which shows how little he cares about having this big star appeal because it isn't about him but it's about society all of us as a whole and he uses many random people's faces to approve this meaning.

2. Tyler, The Creator - EARFQUAKE

The second video in which I have decided to analyse is Tyler, the creator's 'EARFQUAKE', Tyler, the creator's style is known to be outrageously brilliant with comical and contains a lot of random elements that make up the the crazy ideology associated to him. He made the whole music video on his own accord, directed and starred in the absurd way in which grabs attention as it's out of the box thinking. 

The video opens with a cameo from Tracee Ellis Ross as a talk show host. Tyler then takes the stage, wearing a blue suit with a Warholian wig, dancing, singing, and playing the piano until his cigarette catches everything on fire, where he suffers various burns and then passes out. Tyler then returns as a firefighter to put out the fire. Throughout the song "Earfquake", Tyler, The Creator blames himself for the unstable state of his relationship with his lover. Acknowledges the fact that he may not have treated his woman the best way and is causing her to lose interest; In an effort to patch things up, he tells her not to leave because it's his fault.


He likens the love he has for her to an earthquake which causes his world to shake, as the title "earfquake" denotes. It appears he may have taken her for granted in the initial stages of their bond, but later realises that he really needs her, both psychically and emotionally. 

In the second verse, Tyler admits to his lover that he really does not intend to complicate the relationship, but to know how she really feels. In the end, he pleads with her not to give up on them because he has admitted his faults and is willing to make things right.

The opening of the video starts with a mid shot of a woman in black with bob type hair, the table next to her has ceramic cups and bowels with fruit and flowers. The whole film overall pictures very low production values fit in which makes it look very vintage and has a very old school feel to it. The basic neutral tones are throughout the set with very basic set design picturing basic silver set. 


The woman also has a pop of blue on her eyelids which also relates to Tyler's blue suit. She introduces Tyler by saying she has a special guest and asking him to introduce herself, everything looks extremely staged however very awkward and the awkwardness contains the comical element which Tyler possesses which creates his funny aura.

Performs for one minute with no cuts, which adds a surrealism to it. Fade in of his face on the left, also adding old vintage camera into the shot which acts as if getting close ups of Tyler performing as if it was really a real reality talk tv shows, creates a lot of imagery surrounding realism. The whole music video is shot  Using this fade transition but not actually transitioning creates a very old feel as it was one of the first types of transitions used in editing. 


After Tyler starts to play the piano and throws the cigarette it mimics what the talk show host has said to him and makes a mockery of it, the cuts now become more apparent as they cut to Tyler playing the piano with a faded version of himself again added, the whole studio is starting to smoke and burn and adds to the comical element that he once said at the start he would vow to not do. 

After multiple cuts the video stage is now all starting to go up in smoke, everything is starting to burn and you can see Tyler's face is depicted with some heavy degree burns to his face but still singing but still managing to carry on despite this, it also creates a link to Lacan's theory of want as he wont stop until the song is finished. Showing a strong desire and linking to his music career as he always delivers.

Also when researching this i found out there is also an underlying earthquake pun, the main chorus line being "It's my fault" because earthquakes typically happen on fault lines.

3.  Hybrid Minds - Kismet ft. Riya

One of my favourite genres of music is liquid drum and bass, I feel like a lot of drum and bass music video's are very contradicting as they don't necessarily represent the beat of the music, they pull away from that convention. This song is really nice because the meaning behind kismet is fate/destiny. Which also means that it's generally about the people you meet, in particular someone you really love who changes your life forever and it feels like it was always meant to be, they're your kismet. I particularly really like this meaning because the lyrics are so nice to listen to and the music is really chilled.

The music video represents possible found footage or just overlays and special camera lenses to depict this type of vintage feel to it. I think it works unbelievably well as a narrative especially for this video, as the music for me brings me into a fantasy world. The whole video looks very experimental, theres not much meaning to it but lots of meaning at the same time.

The start of the video depicts an overlay of footage with the song title with a grainy distorted overlay we relate to an old camera running out of film, the video then starts zoomed into a woman's face close up, which then goes on to a few cuts of the same location but constantly changing 

 The camera is shown as if you're looking through the eyes of somebody else's life. The whole thing is handheld which adds this very classic feel to it, very sort of shaky like home movies. I've also noticed that there are obvious zoom in's and out's which creates this again natural feel to it. Having no sort of narrative - just filming whatever and sticking it all together by adding the vintage camera affect makes it look very personal to someone's life which is captivating as an audience watching as you never know what the next cut will lead to. I really like this experimental style music video and it works well for these sorts of genres as you can't really put a narrative to this sort of music as they aren't lyrics that depict any sort of reality, they're just as random as the video.






5. Tame Impala - Lost in yesterday 

Tame impala is an Australian psychedelic rock project led by multi-instrumentalist Kevin Parker, who writes, records, performs and produces the music. His normal approach to music videos is in somewhat conceptual which heightens the psychedelic approach which he has in his music. In other music videos for example, 'The less I know the better' the lyrics are for me a  whole underlying message I took from the song itself was that nostalgia is a dirty liar and insists things were better than they seemed at the time when in fact our memories are 'Lost in Yesterday' as it seems.




Kevin (Tame Impala lead singer) is known for his psychedelic approach in his music, his calming and therapeutic tones. In other music videos for example, 'The less I know the better' the lyrics are shown in an illustrative way where the narrative reflects the lyrics exactly. The lyrics are symbolic of what the video is still narrative 

Tame Impala has recently released the new music video for their latest single 'Lost in Yesterday' in which Kevin Parker and co. are suited up for 70's wedding celebrations. Directed by the duo Terri Timely (Ian Kibbey and Corey Creasey), the "single shot" style clip shows the Aussie rockers presiding over several structural repetitions of wedding receptions held at the same venue.

 Looking closely and you can notice that many guests change from wedding to wedding (although some actors remain) while the costumes, newlyweds and other details shift between cycles. Each repeated event grows more dramatic, like a nightmare Groundhog Day as Parker illustrates the lyrics ("And you're gonna have to let it go someday / You've been digging it up like Groundhog Day").

The whole music video is about improving if not everything becoming a lot more higher class all based around the 70's decade which we can see through the use of mis-en-scene and costume and set designs. 

The use of one particular shot for the whole of the song is extremely impressive as it's so hard to tell where the exact cuts are showing how brilliant it was filmed. using the exact same shot types every time round as well. The whole underlying message of 'Lost in yesterday' creates a very similar interpretation of how 'lost in yesterday' could mean.

In the video there is lots going on, each time around, or it could possibly be interpreted as a recollection of the same wedding. However you interpret it, things seem to improve; people's dress sense seems to become more and more formal, or of higher class. The bride isn't pregnant from one of the first shots, the cake gets bigger and bigger until it's a stupid size. The guy stops mouthing "I love you" to the bride and is with someone else, the drunk at the bar tidy's up and stops watching horse races on the TV, the bartender stops drinking, the lady/man engagement at the bar goes from a slap to a proposal, the dance floor becomes more and more packed with more interest shown to Tame Impala, his band grows in size and presentation, the lady on the phone goes from crying to reuniting with her significant other, the man in the wheelchair stands up eventually next to his partner. Until the very end when the "terrible memory" rears it's ugly head. The original lady who puts her cigarette out in the very first beer comes back and steals the wine from the more elegant lady while the original bride (pregnant) returns wielding a knife. It brings the "great memory" back into it's proper context - the wedding sucked. 









REFERENCES

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Wl1B7DPegc (The 1975, 2018)

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzWt3EUsqiw (Matty Healy interview 2018)

- https://www.songmeaningsandfacts.com/earfquake-by-tyler-the-creator/  ( Song Meanings and facts, 2019)
- https://youtu.be/HmAsUQEFYGI (Tyler, The Creator, 2019)

- https://www.nme.com/news/music/tame-impala-pose-as-70s-wedding-band-in-dizzying-lost-in-yesterday-video-2603371 (Charlotte Krol, Januray 2020)

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Carol Vernallis Analysis

Carol Vernallis

Carol Vernallis - 'The Kindest Cuts: Functions and Meaning of Music Video Editing'

The theorist Carol Vernallis is known for her theory based on music editing. Carol Vernallis theory is based around 4 key concepts that all relate to the way a music video is manufactured, there concepts are:

-Narrative
-Editing
-Camera Movement and Framing
-Diegesis

Narrative

Carol Vernallis when describing her theory particularly the narrative aspect, suggests that the video is visual response to the narrative. Therefore whatever is happening onscreen reflects the choice of lyrics that the artist is singing. However Vernallis then goes on to say how the narrative may not always be completed and can be partial with the video appearing disjointed, disconnected and appear in fragments. The video has something driving it forward but this may not necessarily be the narrative, it could be music itself or other elements in the video. However if the video is left uncompleted it can lead to many questions about the narrative that won't always be answered throughout the video. Finally although the video may have a theme or narrative, it is probably displayed in a montage style, rather than in one clear 
focus.

Editing

Carol Vernallis states that a clear conversation of music editing is that the video may disrupt or break . the conventions of continuity editing. The editing may also be bought to the foreground, become visual and not hidden apposed to the invisable style of continuity editing. Meaning the video will have a style of editing running throughout that is distinctive to the video. For example you may see:

- Jump Cuts
- Breaks of the 30' Degree Rule
- Cutting with the lyrics
- Extreme changes in pace
- Juxtaposed Frames
- Graphic Matched

Camera Movements and Framing

Carol Vernallis states that establishing shots are one of the key camera features of a music video and are used frequently throughout a music video as well as close up shots. The style framing of the video again is quite distinctive to the video and also the camera may move in time with the lyrics. Extreme shots also known as master shots are also very common.

Diegesis

In terms of media the diegesis is the world of the music video. Carol Vernallis explains how the diegesis will be revealed quite slowly. The actions in the video won't always be completed and may be disrupted in some way. There will be many repetitions throughout the video and some frames will appear more important than others due to the way they have been shot/frames.

Carol Vernallis is a theorist who in her work, 'The kindest cut' explores how editing in film and in music videos differ from each other.

She talks about things such as continuity, editing as whole, meaning, sound and visuals and their relationships, and the star image.

The four main categories that she talks about are camera (including it's positing, movements, and framing), editing, narrative and Diegesis(which refers to the 'world' created within the music video).

Camera:

-Vernallis suggests that in music videos, close-ups are very common shots used to show the band/artist or the people playing parts in the music video and the importance of them and the the way that they look. The ties in with Rickard Dyer's theory as it demonstrates how the record label want artists to be looked and to be a big selling point. Vernallis also suggests that establishing shots are also used very commonly in music videos, which show the location. For example, this may be used if a video is set in New York, as it is a well known city that people will know as soon as they see it.

- She also suggests that in music videos, different shots are mostly cut to the beat/pace of the song. This therefore brings more attention to the artist/band as it makes the audience more interested with what is happening in the video. An example of a music video which this can be seen in is Adele's music video for her song 'Rolling in the deep', where shots of glasses are on the floor, a performer and shots of Adele(the artist) are using in time with the music and to the bass of the song.

- She also argues that the framing in music videos is very distinctive, however the depends on the genre of the music.

Examples:

- An example of a music video which commonly uses close-ups of the artist is the music video for the song 'Stay' by Rihanna and Mikky Ekko. This music video shows lots of close-ups of Rihanna's face while she is in the bath while looking emotional.

Obviously, here this may have been used to show the audience the emotion on her face, although it is also something that is important to Rihanna's 'star image', meaning that her looks are something that is important to her success(people like to talk about how she looks and what she's wearing. This is also different to the man in the music video, who isn't shown as clearly and his face isn't focused on as much (portraying that the look of Rihanna is more important that the look of him).

Another Example:

An example of a music video which uses establishing shots is the music video for Bastille's song 'Pompeii'.

- This music video uses a variation of these sort of shots to show the location of the lead singer of the group (which seems to be an abandoned/bleak looking city landscape).

-This may have been done to fit in with the genre of the song (indie pop), as this is also a common convention of music videos from this particular genre. 

Editing:

- With regards to editing in music videos, this theorist states that music videos usually 'break the rules' of continuity (unlike what would be seen in a TV show or a film). For example, bands and artists will usually do things such as change their clothes multiple times in a music video and include different settings when they do so, therefore disrupting the rules of continuity. However, I believe that this is not necessarily done as much in narrative music videos, as they still have a story to go along with. An example of a music video which breaks the rules of continuity is Katy Perry's music video for her song 'This is how we do', as it keeps going to different shots where the artist is seen in a different outfit and in a different location, with different people.

-  Also states that another recognisable editing technique used in music videos is jump cuts, as music videos usually go straight from one thing to the next, while cutting the different frames to the beat/speed of the song/music.

Diegesis:

- This theorist argues that the diegesis is something which is revealed slowly throughout the music video and it's story, thus allowing it to develop and making it more interesting for the audience members. For example, in the music video for the song 'Oceans' by Seafret, it is revealed nearer to the end of the video that the main character in the music video actually has super powers, even though the audience members may not necessarily see it coming.

- She also argues that music videos are also sometimes in a way left 'uncompleted', which makes the audience member want to know what happens left creating enigmas that the audience may research to find out deeper meanings to.

Narrative:

- The narrative is usually a visual response to the song and what the artist/band wants the meaning to be presented as. For example, a lot of different meanings can be interpreted from a song, but the artist/band will choose what story they want to tell.
- She argues that the endings of music videos may not be clear and may make the audience think more or try and figure out what the meaning was. For example:
           - She argues that the narrative within a music video is sometimes disjointed, therefore causing the audience to pay more attention to the song itself (which usually happens more commonly in band's music videos).
          - She states that music videos will usually have a theme to the narrative that the band/artist chooses to portray. For example, the music video for Katy Perry's song 'California gurls' was obviously done in a way in which it fits with the lyrics in a fun way, showing some girls in bikinis, fitting with the lyrics 'Daisy dukes, bikinis on top'.


Youtube video's explaining the theory

References

- https://www.slideshare.net/paypal12345678/carol-vernallis-music-video-theory Paige Woods, 2012

- https://www.slideshare.net/LauraKN/carol-vernallis-functions-and-meanings-of-music-video-editing Laura KN, January 2017